Improvement in the manufacture of test-lined lead pipes



'JOHN FARRELIh-.OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

Letters Patent No. 74,755, dated February 25, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUIAGTURE 0I' TIN-LINED LEAD PIPES.

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TO ALL WHM IT MAY CONGERN:

Beit known that I, JOIIiN FARRELL, of Pittsburg, in the colunty ofAllegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in llianufacture of Tin-Lined Lead Pipe; andI do herebydeclare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionthereof.

My invention relates to the manufacture of ltin-lined lead pipe, orleadpipe linedwit-h tin or such other metal or metallic alloy or compositionas may byexudationhwhen subject to hydraulic or other heavy pressure ina solid state. be forced through an orifice properly shaped for makingpipe.

Tin-lined lead pipev has heretofore been made either by tinnirig thelead pipe on its inside surface by an' application of melted tin, whichmethod is liable to numerous and obvious objections, or by placing aconc-shaped ingot of tin and an ingot of lead over a core or mandrel ina cylinder, and by a plunger or ram applied to them at one end ofthecylinder, forcing them out through a die or dies at the opposite end ofthe cylinder. The

-diiliculties which belong to this process are serious, and hithertohave not been entirely overcome: first, the

great amount of friction caused by forcing the entire body of lead andtin, under a heavy pressure, along through the cylinder, and 'outthrough dies; second, since tin is harder than lead, the tin at first ispressed out through the dies faster than the lead, so that'the pipeproduced-will not have a tin lining of uniform thickness, the tin atfirs't being too thick, and, consequently, toward, the last too thinthird, in order to produce a perfect union hetweenthe lead pipe and itstin lining, since the two will not in a solid state perfectly uniteunder pressure, 4it is necessary that thevlead becast around and againstthe outer face of thetin, either beforeor after they are placed over thecore or mandrel, but such casting is objectionable, since, as block tinmelts at a lower temperature than lead, the molten lead fuses the tin toa greater or Vless depth, and the two mix together; fourth, thepreparation of cone-shaped ingots of tin, such as are nowV used inmanufacturing such pipe, necessitates the construction of various sizescf ingot-moulds in which to cast ingots for different-sized pipe.

To obviate these and other minor objections is the object of' myinvention; and the nature of it consists, rst, inthe construction ofimproved apparatus for making tin-lined lead pipe second, in theconstruction of an improved compound ingot of tin and lead; third, -inmaking the tin part of such ingot with a flanged base; and, fourth, inprotecting'such tin part from the effects of the molten lead by ametallic shield uor cover till the lead is partially set, and theneffecting a union between them by pressure.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, Iwillproceed to describe its construction and mode of operation, referringfor that purpose tothe drawings hereto annexed, in which- Figure l is avertical sectional view of the` cylinder, with its mandrel and theplunger which I employ.

Figure 2 is a similar sectional elevation of a part of my apparatus,showing my mode of making tin pipe'for lining purposes. i

Figure 3 is a similar sectional view, showing the use ofthe shield orcover to protect the tin from .the heat ofthe melted lead. v V

Figure 4 is a similar view, showing in section my mode of making thetin-lined pipe.

Fgnre 5 is an outside view of the shield or cover.

Figures 6 and 7 are sectional viewsof the dies I employt Like letters ofreference in the dilTerent figures indicate like parts.

In the cylinder a is bored or cast a hollow chamber, b, of diameterrequisite for the admission and free operation of the plunger or r'am c.Usually I find it best to make the plunger e stationary, and thecylinder a movable, but either may bc made movable at pleasure.v In theaxis of the chamber b is the core ormandrel eZ, of diameter equal to theinterior diameter of the pipe to be made. Y

'lhe devices named being in the position shown in hg. 1, I pour into thebottom of the chamber b molten tin or other desirable metal or metallicalloyfor lining purposes, iu such quantity as may be required to formthetin pipe required for lining purposes. AtV or about the time that itis passing from a'liquid to a solid state, orwheu fully solidified, Iapply the plunger c, ttedwith a die e of interior diameter equal to theexterior diameter of the tin pipe 4to be; made. Then by pressure appliedto either or both, the tin is forced up through the die e and hollowplunger c, till theplunger c reaches or nearly 4reaches the bottom'ofthe chamber b, or till the tin is forced up on the core or mandrel d tothe required" height, when the pressing movement is arrested,

and a pipe is formed of the shape shown atf, lig. 2, with a langedbase,z'. The cylinder a is then returned to its original position, or theplunger c withdrawn, as the case may be, and the shield or cover g ofanymaterial fusible or combustible only at a higher heatthan is usuallyimparted to molten lead, is placed over the tin pipe y", lig'. 3, andthe rest ofthe chamber @,or any desirable part thereof, filled withmelted lead, L. That part of the lead which comes in contact with thecover gis by it s oon partially set or chilled, when the cover ,r/ isremoved, and pressure is applied by the plunger c, or more commonly,ltheplunger being stationary, by the cylinder a to the semi-lnid lead, tocaiise it to unite with the tin without fusing thclatter to too great adepth.

When the lead has become fully solidiiedor before, ifso preferred, thedie e is removed from the plunger c, and another die, c', substituted,the interior diameter of which is equal to the exterior diameter of thelead vpipe to be manufactured. Then by hydraulic or other powerfulpressure, the cylinder a is pressed against theplunger c, the lead andtin forming a tin-lined lead pipe, o, forced out through between the diee and mandrel el, as in g. fi. 'lhclcad 7L in the cylinder resting onthe llange 1,' elfectually prevents the tin f `from being pressed outfaster than is desirable. As the cylinder a and tin and lead movetogether, and the pipe is forced out at the same end at which the ramoperates, friction is reduced to a minimum.

As a modification of my mode of preparing tin pipe'for lining purposes,Isometimes make in the ordinary way a length of tin pipe of therequisite diameter` and thickness, and cut it up. into sections oflength equal or about equal to the length ofthe core or mandrel d. Suchsections of pipe I place over thc mandrel d, and either cast on to themaflange, z', or, if so preferred, proceed with' the processes abovedescribed without such llange. I do not consider the flangeindispensable, though practically I find its use of-great benet insecuring a tin lining of uniform thickness. Nor do I confine -myinvention, when a flange lis used, to the particular mode described, ofmaking the p'ipef by pressure, as such pipe may be cast, if sopreferred. Ifdesircd, the pipef may he made .of other metal than tin, orof a metallic alloy, provided it be'not toe hard to be shaped bypressure in the manner described. The shield or cover gl also use notonly with tin pipe such as is above described, but also with tin ingotsof the ordinary construction. f

I 'thus obviate all the objections which are encountered in the ordinaryprocess of manufacturing, as above set forth, and secure the desiredresults by a method which is at once simple, easy of appli cation,ccrtain in its operation, and by which a pipe isproduccd of any desirableand of 'a perfectly uniform thickness of tin and lead, these metalsbeing perfectly united together, and the pipe produced being adapted toany and all uses to which such pipe is commonly applied. 'lhe wrought orpressed-tin pipe I also find better adapted to lining purposes than ytheordinary cast-tin ingo't.

` What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Iatent,is- 5 1. The die c in a plunger, c, in combination with a cylinder aan-dmandrel d, in a. machine for making tinlined lead pipe, construct-edand operated substantially in the manner and for the purposeshereinbefore set forth.

2. The method hercinbefore described of constructing a compound ingot oftin and lead, in the manufacture of tin-lined lead pipe.

3. The use of a ange, z', attached te the tin part of a compound ingotof lead and tin, for the purposes and in the manner substantially asabove set forth'.

4. In the production of a compound tin and'lead ingot by the methodhereinbefoe described, I claim the use of a cover, g, fon protecting thetin pipe or tin ingot from the heat of the molten lead, substantially asand for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.

In testimony whereof, I, the said JOHN FARRELL, have hereunto set myhand, in presence of- JOHN FARRELL.

Witnesses z Guo. I-I. CHRISTY, A. S. NICHOLSON.-

